Best Preparations of CWAP-404 Exam 2024 CWAP Wi-Fi Analysis Unlimited 190 Questions
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CWNP CWAP-404 Exam Syllabus Topics:
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NEW QUESTION # 50
Why is a high CRC error rate in L2 protocol analysis software NOT always a valid indicator of network performance? (Choose 3)
- A. Radio and antenna hardware used for protocol analysis may not match the receive sensitivity, diversity, MIMO, or antenna gain capabilities of the network WLAN hardware.
- B. Layer 2 protocol analysis can only collect and interpret data that is received properly at the MAC layer, and cannot quantify some PHY-layer problems.
- C. If the protocol analysis radio hardware is not located in the same area as intended client devices or APs, its data sampling may not be representative of actual traffic on the network.
- D. If protocol analysis software is not properly configured with frame decryption parameters, it can't accurately calculate a CRC, which includes the encrypted frame body contents.
Answer: A,B,C
NEW QUESTION # 51
Which statement is true regarding the Association Identifier (AID) used in IEEE 802.11 WLANs?
- A. The AID field is present only in Beacons frames.
- B. The AID has a maximum value of 2007, and resides in the duration/ID field of a PS-Poll frame.
- C. The AID has a maximum value of 2048, and is used to uniquely identify a wireless client station associated with an access point.
- D. The client station is assigned an AID value in the 802.11 authentication response frame.
- E. The AID is used by the access point in EDCA mode to reduce duplicate transmissions when sending multicasts.
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 52
You are considering disabling the data rates of 1, 2, 5.5 and 11 in the 2.4 GHz band.
What advantage might this provide to the networks operating in this band?
- A. The antennas will be able to zero in on the higher data rates better
- B. The range of the PHY preamble and header will be reduced
- C. The RF signals will not travel as far
- D. Frames that must be transmitted at the lowest common data rate can be transmitted at higher data rates after the change
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 53
Which piece of information is not transmitted in an HT PPDU header?
- A. PPDU length
- B. MCS index
- C. Channel number
- D. Number of Spatial Streams
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
The channel number is not transmitted in an HT PPDU header. An HT PPDU header is a part of the PPDU that contains information such as modulation, coding, data rate, and number of spatial streams for an 802.11n transmission. The channel number is not included in the HT PPDU header, as it is determined by the frequency band and channel width that are used by the transmitter and receiver. The channel number can be inferred from the frequency band and channel width, which are indicated by bits in different fields of the HT PPDU header, such as HT-SIG and HT-LTF. The other options are not correct, as they are transmitted in an HT PPDU header. The number of spatial streams, PPDU length, and MCS index are indicated by bits in the HT-SIG field of the HT PPDU header. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-404], Chapter 4: 802.11 Physical Layer, page 108-109
NEW QUESTION # 54
You are troubleshooting a client that is experiencing slow WLAN performance. As part of the troubleshooting activity, you start a packet capture on your laptop close to the client device. While analyzing the packets, you suspect that you have not captured all packets transmitted by the client. By analyzing the trace file, how can you confirm if you have missing packets?
- A. Look for gaps in the sequence number in MAC headers.
- B. Protocol Analyzers show the number of missing packets in their statistics view
- C. The missing packets will be shown as CRC errored packets
- D. Retransmission are an indication of missing packets
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
One way to confirm if you have missing packets in your packet capture is to look for gaps in the sequence number in MAC headers. The sequence number is a 12-bit field in the MAC header that is used to identify and order data frames within a traffic stream. The sequence number is incremented by one for each new data frame transmitted by a STA, except for retransmissions, fragments, and control frames. The sequence number can range from 0 to 4095, and then wraps around to 0. If you see a jump or a gap in the sequence number between two consecutive data frames from the same STA, it means that you have missed some packets in between. The other options are not correct, as they do not confirm if you have missing packets in your packet capture. CRC errored packets are packets that have been corrupted during transmission and have failed the error detection check. Protocol analyzers may show the number of CRC errored packets in their statistics view, but not the number of missing packets. Retransmissions are an indication of packet loss or collision, but not necessarily of missing packets in your capture. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-404], Chapter 5: 802.11 MAC Sublayer, page 114-115
NEW QUESTION # 55
Which information elements (IE) are contained in an IEEE 802.11 Probe Request frame?
(Choose 2)
- A. RSN IE
- B. Status code
- C. Supported rates
- D. Association ID
- E. SSID
Answer: C,E
NEW QUESTION # 56
You're the WLAN administrator for a large retailer based at the HQ in New York. The London- based office has been complaining about WLAN disconnections around lunch time each day. You suspect this might be interference from the staff microwave, how might you test your theory from the New York office?
- A. Place one of the London APs into spectrum analyzer mode and monitor the situation over lunch time
- B. Access the microwave remotely and run a diagnostic check
- C. Ask a local member of staff to change the frequency of the microwave and see if the disconnections stop
- D. Ask a local member of staff to take some pictures of the microwave, including some close-ups of the door seal so that you can access it
Answer: A
Explanation:
The best way to test the theory of microwave interference from the New York office is to use a remote spectrum analyzer. By placing one of the London APs into spectrum analyzer mode, you can capture and analyze the RF spectrum in the London office over lunch time. You can then look for any signs of microwave interference, such as high duty cycle, high amplitude, or frequency hopping on the 2.4 GHz band. This method does not require any physical access to the microwave or any changes to its frequency.
NEW QUESTION # 57
During a VHT Transmit Beamforming sounding exchange, the beamformee transmits a Compressed Beamforming frame to the beamformer. What is communicated within this Compressed Beamforming frame?
- A. Beamforming Matrix
- B. Feedback Matrix
- C. Steering Matrix
- D. Beamformee Matrix
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
The beamformee transmits a Feedback Matrix within the Compressed Beamforming frame to the beamformer.
The Feedback Matrix contains information about the channel state between the beamformee and each spatial stream of the beamformer. This information is used by the beamformer to adjust its transmit weights and optimize its signal for the beamformee34. References: CWAP-404 Certified Wireless Analysis Professional Study and Reference Guide, Chapter 11: 802.11n/ac/ax PHYsical Layer Frame Exchanges, page 4033; CWAP-404 Certified Wireless Analysis Professional Study and Reference Guide, Chapter 11: 802.11n/ac/ax PHYsical Layer Frame Exchanges, page 4064.
NEW QUESTION # 58
What is used to respond with an uplink transmission to an MU-RTS trigger frame in the 802.11ax PHY?
- A. HE SU PPDU
- B. VHT PPDU
- C. HE MU PPDU
- D. HE TB PPDU
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
An HE TB PPDU (High Efficiency Trigger-Based Packet Data Unit) is used to respond with an uplink transmission to an MU-RTS trigger frame in the 802.11ax PHY (Physical Layer). An MU-RTS trigger frame is a frame that initiates a multi-user transmission opportunity (MU-TXOP) by requesting multiple stations (STAs) to send clear-to-send (CTS) frames on different spatial streams or resource units (RUs). An HE TB PPDU is a frame that contains data from multiple STAs that have been allocated RUs by an MU-RTS trigger frame or another type of trigger frame. An HE SU PPDU (High Efficiency Single User Packet Data Unit) is a frame that contains data from a single STA using all available spatial streams or RUs. An HE MU PPDU (High Efficiency Multi User Packet Data Unit) is a frame that contains data from multiple STAs using different spatial streams or RUs without being triggered by another frame. A VHT PPDU (Very High Throughput Packet Data Unit) is a frame that uses the 802.11ac PHY and does not support multi-user transmissions.References:
CWAP-404 Study Guide, Chapter 3: 802.11 MAC Layer Frame Formats and Technologies, page 101 CWAP-404 Objectives, Section 3.4: Analyze multi-user transmissions CWAP-404 Study Guide, Chapter 3: 802.11 MAC Layer Frame Formats and Technologies, page 99
NEW QUESTION # 59
Which piece of information Is not transmitted in an HT PDDU header?
- A. PPDU length
- B. MCS index
- C. Channel number
- D. Number of Spatial Streams
Answer: C
Explanation:
The channel number is not transmitted in an HT PPDU header. An HT PPDU header is a part of the PPDU that contains information such as modulation, coding, data rate, and number of spatial streams for an 802.11n transmission. The channel number is not included in the HT PPDU header, as it is determined by the frequency band and channel width that are used by the transmitter and receiver. The channel number can be inferred from the frequency band and channel width, which are indicated by bits in different fields of the HT PPDU header, such as HT- SIG and HT-LTF. The other options are not correct, as they are transmitted in an HT PPDU header. The number of spatial streams, PPDU length, and MCS index are indicated by bits in the HT-SIG field of the HT PPDU header.
NEW QUESTION # 60
Given the frame capture and the decode shown,
after which Beacons in the list shown (as indicated by the frame number in the leftmost column) would multicast traffic have been sent in this infrastructure BSS if multicast traffic had been queued for transmission at the access point? (Choose 2)
- A. frame number 55
- B. Framenumber 49
- C. frame number 54
- D. frame number 53
- E. frame number 50
- F. frame number 57
- G. frame number 51
Answer: A,G
NEW QUESTION # 61
As a WLAN consultant, you have been asked to troubleshoot a problem with a single wireless client station (Station-Z). Your customer informs you that other wireless client stations are not having problems with wireless connectivity, and that Station-Z is configured in the same manner as all other wireless client stations on the network. Station-Z is showing an unusually high retransmission count in its client utility statistics. Using a wireless protocol analyzer, where and how should you begin troubleshooting this problem? (Choose 2)
- A. Position the analyzer halfway between Station-Z and the access point. Measure the distance between Station-Z and the access point.
- B. Position the analyzer near Station-Z. Analyze the frames Station-Z is receiving, looking for delayed ACK frames.
- C. Position the analyzer near Station-Z. Analyze Station-Z's transmissions and acknowledgements.
Look for RF and obstacle-induced interference. - D. Position the analyzer near the access point. See if Station-Z's frames are reaching the access point and if so, analyze their signal strength.
- E. Position the analyzer halfway between Station-Z and the access point. Analyze the data rate at which frames are sent and how long they take to be received.
Answer: C,D
NEW QUESTION # 62
Which one of the following is not a valid reason for an AP to fail a STAs association?
- A. Does not support the specified authentication algorithm
- B. AP is unable to handle additional associations
- C. Requesting station has the wrong PSK
- D. Requesting station does not support all the required data rates
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 63
What is an AIFS?
- A. The shortest period of time a STA can sleep
- B. A variable Interframe Space introduced by 802.lie to help prioritize medium access for different Access Categories
- C. A medium access method introduced by 802.lln, but never implemented
- D. A form of aggregation performed at the PHY layer based on 802.lie UP values interpreted from DSCP values
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
An AIFS is a variable interframe space introduced by 802.11e to help prioritize medium access for different Access Categories (ACs). An interframe space is a period of time that a STA (station) has to wait before attempting to access the medium. An AIFS is a type of interframe space that varies depending on the AC of the traffic. An AC is a logical queue that corresponds to a QoS (Quality of Service) level for different types of traffic. There are four ACs defined by 802.11e: AC_VO (Voice), AC_VI (Video), AC_BE (Best Effort), and AC_BK (Background). Each AC has a different AIFSN (Arbitration Interframe Space Number) value, which determines how long it has to wait before attempting to access the medium. A lower AIFSN value means a higher priority and a shorter waiting time. The other options are not correct, as they do not describe what an AIFS is. An AIFS is not a medium access method introduced by 802.11n, but never implemented, as it is part of the 802.11e standard and widely used in QoS-enabled WLANs. An AIFS is not a form of aggregation performed at the PHY layer based on 802.11e UP values interpreted from DSCP values, as aggregation is a technique that combines multiple frames into one larger frame to improve efficiency and throughput, not prioritization or medium access. An AIFS is not the shortest period of time a STA can sleep, as sleeping is a power saving mode that allows a STA to conserve battery power by periodically turning off its radio, not accessing the medium. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-404], Chapter 7: QoS Analysis, page 194-195
NEW QUESTION # 64
What is the Extended IFS used in 802.11 contention?
- A. When the higher data rates are used and you want the fastest medium access times
- B. When 802.11ac must coexist with 802.11n
- C. When the lower data rates are used and you want the fastest medium access times
- D. When a frame reception begins but the received frame is incomplete or corrupted based on the FCS
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 65
Given: There are many differences between analyzing wireless and wired networks. In a wireless network, there is no guarantee that one station can hear another station's transmissions.
If no corrective actions are taken nor corrective mechanisms implemented when a "hidden node" problem exists, which measurable statistics parameter will likely increase in a wireless protocol analyzer?
- A. Authentication Failure
- B. Contention Window
- C. Duration value
- D. ACK Timeout
- E. BlockAck Reset
- F. Retransmission Count
Answer: F
NEW QUESTION # 66
Which one of the following is not an 802.11 Management frame?
- A. Beacon
- B. Authentication
- C. Action
- D. PS-Poll
Answer: D
Explanation:
A PS-Poll (Power Save Poll) frame is not an 802.11 management frame. A PS-Poll frame is a type of control frame that is used by a STA in power save mode to request data frames from an AP. A STA in power save mode can conserve battery power by periodically sleeping and waking up. When a STA sleeps, it cannot receive any data frames from the AP, so it informs the AP of its power save status by setting a bit in its MAC header. The AP then buffers any data frames destined for the sleeping STA until it wakes up. When a STA wakes up, it sends a PS-Poll frame to the AP, indicating its association ID and requesting any buffered data frames. The AP then responds with one or more data frames, followed by an ACK or BA frame from the STA. The other options are not correct, as they are types of 802.11 management frames. An Action frame is used to perform various management actions, such as spectrum management, QoS management, radio measurement, etc. A Beacon frame is used to advertise the presence and capabilities of an AP or BSS. An Authentication frame is used to establish or terminate an authentication relationship between a STA and an AP.
NEW QUESTION # 67
You have been asked to recommend a solution for protocol capture of 802.11 frames consisting of 3x3:3 802.11ac communications. The requirement specifies that you gain a general view of a coverage area and does not require that you capture from specific user locations. The solution must be the least expensive practical solution possible that does not disrupt user access to the WLAN and it must be based on enterprise WLAN hardware.
What solution would you recommend so that any coverage area could be monitored on demand?
- A. Install laptop-based protocol analyzer near each AP
- B. Install sufficient Aps so that an AP can be taken offline to perform protocol analysis as needed
- C. Install the minimum number of Aps required for coverage and use these Aps for protocol analysis as needed
- D. Install Wireshark on the Aps natively to allow dynamic capture while serving clients
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 68
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CWNP CWAP-404 Exam Certification Details:
| Exam Code | CWAP-404 CWAP |
| Exam Name | Wireless Analysis Professional |
| Number of Questions | 60 |
| Exam Price | $275 USD |
| Passing Score | 70% |
| Duration | 90 minutes |
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